Fishing has depleted the global stocks of some of the jellyfish’s natural predators – such as tuna and swordfish – and some they compete with for food – such as anchovies. Jellyfish blooms have clogged the cooling intakes of power plants, resulting in total shutdowns; they can destroy fishing nets and spoil catches. Although 70% of the planet is covered by ocean, we really only have a hazy idea about most of the life outside of coastal or estuarine zones. In 2014, with partners from the University of Exeter, the Marine Conservation Society published the first paper from the survey data, confirming key information about UK jellyfish and including the first distribution maps of the surveyed species. But there are other factors at work, too. Jellyfish can thrive in areas with lower oxygen levels, where other animals suffer.

Some believe that population explosions result from overfishing of their dining competitors and predators, which include more than 100 species of fish, and animals such as turtles.

(Copyright: Getty Images)Hundreds of jellyfish cleared from the power station in Hadera, north of Tel Aviv after they blocked its water supply in 2011. These assaults have cost the Japanese fisheries industry billions of yen in losses.Marine ecologists are warning of worse to come, and pointing the tentacle of blame at us. Additionally, as the response of jellyfish to anthropogenic factors has been different around the world, management of jellyfish blooms needs to be made on a case-by-case basis.

My dive instructor said he had seen massive blooms off the coast of Gozo every year since 2000.

Jellyfish blooms have clogged the cooling intakes of power plants, resulting in total shutdowns; they can destroy fishing nets and spoil catches.

Many species also deliver a … "Jellyfish are an important food source for apex predators, and if we start tinkering with the natural bloom system, we don't know what the ripple-down effects may be." Monitoring individuals and blooms cannot be done by satellite because they are so transparent, have very low biomass, and often occupy waters below the optical depth for satellite penetration. "The more we know, the better we can manage oceanic ecosystems or respond accurately to future effects of climate change," Duarte said.

Increased speculation and discrepancies about current and future jellyfish blooms by the media and in climate and science reports formed the motivation for the study. The key finding of this study shows that global jellyfish populations undergo concurrent oscillations with successive decadal periods of rise and fall, including a rising phase in the 1990's and early 2000's that has contributed to the current perception of a global increase in jellyfish abundance. I noticed my fellow divers rising above me were adopting a strange hunched posture, tucking their hands into their armpits and bowing their heads low.As I rose to a couple of metres below the surface, I saw the problem too late: the shallow water was carpeted with mauve stinger jellyfish (Onshore, a diver offered to help soothe the burning lashes across my neck, forehead and hands. "

(Copyright: Getty Images)Clearing waters from huge Nomura infestations has become a regular event in Japan. The previous period of high jellyfish numbers during the 1970's went unnoticed due to limited research on jellyfish at the time, less awareness of global-scale problems, and a lower capacity for information sharing (e.g., no internet).

So, despite JEDI's efforts, no one can say for sure whether blooms are increasing or not.Dealing with blooms where they do turn up is tricky. We constructed dummy tags of different densities (i.e.

From UCSB's Office of Public Affairs

In Japan and other parts of Asia, jellyfish are dried and chopped into noodle-like strips to be added to soups, for example. (Copyright: Getty Images)Workers at the Hadera power station resort to sweeping measures to remove the jellyfish infestation.

Blooms, or proliferations, of jellyfish can show a substantial, visible impact on coastal populations –– clogged nets for fishermen, stinging waters for tourists, and choked cooling intake pipes for power plants. Rob Condon, a marine scientist at Dauphin Island Sea Lab in Alabama, says that the pontoons, piers and even drilling platforms help provide anchors for jellyfish polyps, encouraging local population explosions.But Condon, who set up a global jellyfish database initiative (the wonderfully named The JEDI team of more than 20 scientists has now compiled over half a million reports dating back to 1790, and found "Gathering data on jellyfish, though, is notoriously difficult. Fishing has But there are other factors at work, too.

The group says that it is important to sample over appropriate spatial and time scales so that trends are not misinterpreted and the correct message is communicated.

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