Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Although some heterokont relatives of the brown algae lack plastids in their cells, scientists believe this is a result of evolutionary loss of that organelle in those groups rather than independent acquisition by the several ph… …the plants are Phaeophyta (brown algae) and Rhodophyta (red algae).

Almost exclusively marine; includes many seaweeds. Thallus types typically filamentous or parenchymatous.

Laminarin is the photosynthetic storage product.

Kelp and rockweeds are the 2… The reason these groups did not invade as successfully as other groups is uncertain, but presumably they were less able to cope with lower salinities and reduced environmental stability. Many species of brown algae have air bladders that help the blades of the algae float toward the ocean surface, allowing for maximum sunlight absorption. Freshwater species are rare. Brown algae are often rooted to a stationary structure such as a rock, a shell or a dock by structures called holdfasts, although species in the genus Sargassum are free-floating. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Genetic and ultrastructural evidence place the Phaeophyceae among the heterokonts (Stramenopiles), a large assemblage of organisms that includes both photosynthetic members with plastids (such as the diatoms) as well as non-photosynthetic groups (such as the slime nets and water molds). Phaeophyta or brown algae are a group of autotrophic, multicellular organisms, belonging to the class Phaeophyceae in the division Chromophyta. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....


Brown algae multiply by asexual and sexual reproduction; …







Range from microscopic forms to large kelps more than 20 metres long; at least 1,500 species, almost all marine; includes They branch by getting wider at their tip, and then dividing the widening.Aside from filamentous forms, there are two main types of tissue organization in the brown algae: pseudoparenchymatous (haplostichous) and parenchymatous (polystichous).The cell wall consists of two layers; the inner layer bears the strength, and consists of cellulose; the outer wall layer is mainly algin, and is gummy when wet but becomes hard and brittle when it dries out.Genetic and ultrastructural evidence place the Phaeophyceae among the The closest relatives of the brown algae include unicellular and filamentous species, but no unicellular species of brown algae are known. Cells are eukaryotic, with special type of excretory granules in vesicles. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

Chief pigments are chloroophyll a and c, beta carotene, lutein, fucoxanthin, dioanthin and violaxanthin. First, members of the group possess a characteristic color that ranges from an Whatever their form, the body of all brown algae is termed a Many algae have a flattened portion that may resemble a leaf, and this is termed a In some brown algae, there is a single lamina or blade, while in others there may be many separate blades. They are an important constituent of some brackish water ecosystems, and have colonized freshwater on a maximum of six known occasions.Brown algae growing in brackish waters are almost solely asexual.They have cellulose walls with alginic acid and also contain the polysaccharide The photosynthetic system of brown algae is made of a Brown algae produce a specific type of tannin called A large group of multicellular algae, comprising the class Phaeophyceae Characteristics of Class Phaeophyceae (Brown Algae): Mostly marine, with unicellular or multicellular body.

Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! They contain the xanthophyll pigment – fucoxanthin, in addition to chlorophyll a and c. Hence, the members of phaeophyta exhibit a characteristic greenish-brown color.



The surface of the lamina or blade may be smooth or wrinkled; its tissues may be thin and flexible or thick and leathery. The brown colored pigment is very important for the adaptation of phaeophyta in deep …

Phaeophyceae (brown algae or brown seaweeds)




Major groups of the inland aquatic biota that are derived… This article was most recently revised and updated by Brown algae vary in form and size from small filamentous epiphytes (Ectocarpus) to complex giant kelps that range in size from 1 to more than 100 metres (3.3 to 330 feet; Laminaria, Macrocystis, Nerocystis).

These blades may be attached directly to the stipe, to a holdfast with no stipe present, or there may be an air bladder between the stipe and blade.


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