There are 7-8 major plates and many minor plates. The Earth’s outer shell, the lithosphere, consisting of the crust and uppermost mantle, is divided into a patchwork of large tectonic plates that move slowly relatively to each other. This image shows the three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform. The sides of a fault move past each other smoothly and aseismically only if there are no irregularities or asperities along the fault surface that increase the frictional resistance. In contrast to convergent and divergent boundaries, no magma is formed. Varying between 0 to 100mm per year, the movement of a plate is driven by convection in the underlying hot and viscous mantle.Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along plate boundaries in zones that may be anything from a few kilometres to a few hundred kilometres wide. Tectonic earthquakes occur anywhere in the earth where there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy to drive fracture propagation along a fault plane. Magma rises into and through the other plate, solidifying into new crust. Around the start of the twentieth century, various theorists unsuccessfully attempted to explain the many geographical, geological, and biological continuities between continents. Image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. The denser plate is subducted underneath the less dense plate. Each of the three types of plate boundaries—convergent, divergent, and transform—has a distinctive pattern of earthquakes. Rather, stress builds up in both plates and when it exceeds the threshold of the rocks, the energy is released – causing earthquakes. Most geologic activities, including volcanoes, There are four types of plate boundaries: Divergent boundaries — where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other. It is relatively easy to see the relationships between earthquakes and the plate boundaries. Frequent earthquakes strike along the rift. Magma formed from melting plates solidifies into granite, a light colored, low-density rock that makes up the continents. They can occur underwater or on land, and crust is neither destroyed nor created.Because of friction, the plates cannot simply glide past each other. What are the 4 types of plate boundary?

Shallow earthquakes are also common along transform faults, such as the San Andreas Fault. Along divergent boundaries like the mid-Atlantic ridge and the East Pacific Rise, earthquakes are common, but restricted to a narrow zone close to the ridge, and consistently at less than 30 km depth.

To watch a simulated fly-by along New Zealand's plate boundary check out Subduction zones occur when one or both of the tectonic plates are composed of oceanic crust. Convergent boundaries — where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another.Occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. What are Plate Boundaries? There are three main types of plate boundaries: 1. Rocks that line the boundary are pulverized as the plates grind along, creating a linear fault valley or undersea canyon. Plate … . In 1912 the meteorologist Alfred Wegener described what he called continental drift, an idea that culminated fifty years later in the modern theory of plate tectonics. Most fault surfaces do have such asperities, which leads to a form of stick-slip behavior. To watch a simulated fly-by along New Zealand's plate boundary check out this video. A chain of volcanoes often forms parallel to the boundary, to the mountain range, and to the trench. Along these boundaries, lava spews from long fissures and geysers spurt superheated water. Powerful earthquakes shake a wide area on both sides of the boundary.If one of the colliding plates is topped with oceanic crust, it is forced down into the mantle where it begins to melt. Plate Boundary TypesPlate boundaries are the edges where two plates meet. Magma from the mantle solidifies into basalt, a dark, dense rock that underlies the ocean floor. The distribution of earthquakes across the globe is shown in Figure 11.7. Thus at divergent boundaries, oceanic crust, made of basalt, is created.When two plates come together, The impact of the two colliding plates buckles the edge of one or both plates up into a rugged mountain range, and sometimes bends the other down into a deep seafloor trench.

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